Dry needling is a technique used by physiotherapists to alleviate pain and promote healing in patients. It involves inserting thin needles into specific points in the body, known as trigger points, to release tension and restore proper function. While the practice has been around for centuries, it is only recently that the science behind dry needling has been explored in depth.
The Mechanism of Dry Needling
Dry needling works on the principle of stimulating the body's natural healing response. By inserting the needles into trigger points, the physiotherapist aims to elicit a "twitch response" from the muscles. This involuntary twitching of the muscle triggers a cascading series of biochemical reactions, including the release of endorphins, the body's natural pain killers, and the reduction of inflammation.
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Effects on Pain Perception
The primary goal of dry needling is to reduce pain, and several scientific studies have shown its effectiveness in achieving this goal. Research has demonstrated that the insertion of needles into trigger points can cause a local analgesic effect, effectively blocking pain signals from reaching the brain. Additionally, the release of endorphins during dry needling contributes to pain relief by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord.
Effects on Muscle Function
In addition to pain relief, dry needling has been found to have positive effects on muscle function. When a muscle is in a state of tension or spasm, it can result in restricted movement and decreased performance. By targeting trigger points with dry needling, physiotherapists can help release the tension in the muscles, allowing for improved range of motion and increased muscle strength.